Exosome

MSC Derived Exosomes

Exosomes are tiny spheres (extracellular vesicles or EV) with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers naturally secreted by MSC. Exosomes contain diverse constituents including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites that improve cell to cell communication and the microenvironment of our tissues/organs [1].

MSC secretomes between 30-100 nm are considered premium quality as they possess the optimal size/diameter for absorption into cells and tissues.

[1] The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science. 2020 Feb 7;367(6478)

Therapeutic effects of exosomes

Many types of cells in the human body can secrete exosomes. If not absorbed by surrounding cells, they will flow into the blood and be delivered to distant cells. Exosomes secreted by different cells performs different signalling functions – many are non-therapeutic in nature. Only exosomes derived from MSC contains therapeutic properties such as:

  • Modulating undesirable immune responses (allergies [2], autoimmune disease[3])
  • Reducing inflammation (knee arthritis, liver, kidneys, heart [4])
  • Initiating wound healing and skin regeneration [5]
  • Delaying or reversing cell aging [6]

[2] Exosomes from human umbilical cord MSC attenuate inflammation of severe steroid-resistant asthma. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021 Mar 24;12(1):204.
[3] Effects of MSCl-Derived Exosomes on Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol. 2021 Sep 27;12:749192.
[4] MSC-Derived Exosomes as New Remedies in the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases. Cells. 2019 Dec 11;8(12):1605
[5] Efficacy and safety of small extracellular vesicle interventions in wound healing and skin regeneration. Theranostics. 2022 Sep 6;12(15):6455-6508.
[6] Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A New Method for Reversing Skin Aging. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2022 Oct;19(5):961-968.

Exosome Characterization

Our exosomes are comprehensively characterized using both physical and biochemical methods of analysis [7]. For physical analysis, the size diameter of the exosomes are measured using 2 different methods: (1) Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and (2) Dynamic Light Scattering. For biochemical analysis, the presence of exosomes is confirmed by using Western Blot to detect exosome specific markers such as Alix/TSG101, CD9 and CD81. These analyses ensures that the exosomes are authentic and be regarded as the highest quality.

[7] Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis. Cells. 2019 Jul 15;8(7):727.